Study Links Covid and Flu to Increased Heart Attack Risks

Research has uncovered a significant connection between viral infections, particularly Covid-19 and influenza, and an increased risk of serious heart problems. A comprehensive review of 155 academic studies indicates that individuals infected with these viruses may face a three to fivefold higher chance of experiencing heart attacks or strokes in the weeks following their illness.

The analysis, published by the American Heart Association, highlights the importance of vaccination as a critical measure in mitigating these health risks. This is especially relevant for individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. Lead author Associate Professor Kosuke Kawai from the University of California stated, “It is well recognised that human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus, and other viruses can cause cancer; however, the link between viral infections and other non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, is less well understood.”

Viral Infections and Cardiovascular Risks

The research team meticulously reviewed studies examining the relationship between viral infections and cardiovascular events. Out of an initial pool of over 52,000 studies, only 155 met the criteria for high-quality analysis. The findings revealed alarming statistics: individuals who contracted laboratory-confirmed influenza faced a fourfold increase in the likelihood of a heart attack and a fivefold increase in the risk of a stroke within the month following infection. For those who contracted Covid-19, the risk of heart attack was three times higher, with a similar increase in stroke risk noted for up to 14 weeks post-infection.

Additionally, long-term viral infections, including HIV and hepatitis C, were associated with elevated cardiovascular risks, with HIV patients facing a 60 percent higher risk of heart attacks and a 45 percent increased risk of strokes over an average of more than five years. The study also noted that the varicella zoster virus, which causes shingles, could contribute to long-term cardiovascular risks.

Dr. Kawai elaborated, “The elevated risks for cardiovascular disease are lower for HIV, hepatitis C, and herpes zoster than the heightened short-term risk following influenza and Covid-19. However, the risks associated with those three viruses are still clinically relevant, especially because they persist for a long period of time.”

Vaccination as a Preventative Measure

Despite the concerning findings, the research team acknowledged certain limitations within their study, primarily its observational nature rather than being based on controlled trials. Nonetheless, they advocate for vaccinations as a vital strategy in reducing cardiovascular risks associated with these viral infections. Seasonal flu vaccines are offered by the NHS to individuals at increased risk of severe complications, particularly during autumn and early winter.

The implications of this study underline the need for greater awareness regarding the potential long-term impacts of viral infections on heart health. As viral infections continue to pose significant health challenges worldwide, the findings serve as a crucial reminder of the importance of preventative measures, including vaccination, especially for those already at risk for cardiovascular diseases.