Discover Foods That May Worsen Daytime Sleepiness, Study Finds

A recent study conducted by researchers from Mass General Brigham and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has identified a link between certain foods and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). The investigation highlights how dietary choices, particularly those involving specific metabolites, can contribute to feelings of fatigue throughout the day.

The research, published in Lancet eBioMedicine, examined the relationship between diet and EDS, a condition characterized by persistent drowsiness. The team analyzed blood samples from nearly 6,000 participants and evaluated 877 metabolites—molecules in the blood that can influence sleep patterns and energy levels. They discovered seven key metabolites associated with EDS, with an additional three that varied by sex.

One significant finding was the role of tyramine, a compound prevalent in aged cheeses such as cheddar and Parmesan, as well as in cured meats and fermented products. According to Tariq Faquih, the study’s lead author and a postdoctoral fellow in the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, “Our study suggests diet and genetics may play an important role in EDS.”

The research indicates that tyramine may trigger the adrenal glands to release adrenaline, the ‘fight or flight’ hormone, which can lead to increased alertness temporarily but may ultimately contribute to daytime sleepiness, particularly in men. Foods high in tyramine include:

– Aged cheeses like cheddar, feta, and blue cheese
– Fermented products such as soy sauce and miso
– Processed meats including salami and bacon
– Certain alcoholic beverages, especially draft or artisan beers

In contrast, the study identified omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, found in oily fish, nuts, and seeds, as being associated with a lower risk of EDS. Researchers believe these nutrients may provide protective benefits against excessive sleepiness.

The study’s findings emphasize the impact of both internal body processes and external factors, such as diet, on sleep patterns. Researchers noted that changes in diet or targeted medications could potentially alleviate EDS symptoms. However, they acknowledged the limitations of their study, including challenges in interpreting specific metabolite values and reliance on self-reported sleep questionnaires rather than clinical assessments.

The team intends to conduct further clinical trials to explore the effects of dietary adjustments and supplements on reducing daytime sleepiness. Dr. Faquih expressed optimism about the potential for dietary interventions, stating, “Conducting a clinical trial would be a big next step and could help us understand if omega-3s and omega-6s obtained from diet could help lower the risk of EDS.”

As sleep disturbances affect many individuals, understanding the dietary factors that contribute to daytime drowsiness can lead to better management strategies. Adjusting one’s diet may prove beneficial not only in combating sleepiness but also in enhancing overall health and well-being.