Daily Low-Dose Aspirin Reduces Cancer Risk, Study Finds

A recent study indicates that a daily low dose of aspirin may significantly reduce the risk of developing cancer. Researchers from Australia tracked nearly 10,000 adults over a five-year period, revealing that participants who took 100 mg of aspirin daily experienced a 15 percent lower cancer risk compared to those who received a placebo.

The study, published in the journal JAMA Oncology, involved adults aged between 71 and 77, with a slight majority of 53.7 percent being female. The findings suggest that older individuals who do not smoke, have a lower body mass index (BMI), and possess a family history of cancer may benefit the most from low-dose aspirin. Many participants also exhibited a condition known as clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), characterized by blood cell mutations that heighten cancer risk.

Researchers determined that having CHIP in at least 10 percent of blood cells was the strongest predictor of the drug’s cancer-preventive effects. The authors noted that CHIP might influence aspirin’s effectiveness through its impact on the body’s inflammatory pathways. However, they emphasized the need for further research to confirm these findings and explore the potential mechanisms involved.

Despite the promising results, the study has limitations, including its focus on “relatively healthy older white adults” in Australia. The researchers pointed out that earlier initiation of aspirin use could yield different long-term benefits regarding cancer risk compared to starting at an older age.

The safety of long-term aspirin use is another concern. While it is widely recognized for its ability to lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes, prolonged use can lead to complications such as stomach ulcers and bleeding. The authors highlighted that health professionals must weigh the benefits of aspirin for cancer prevention against potential bleeding risks.

Aspirin is commonly recommended for patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition affecting approximately 2.3 million people in the UK alone. CAD occurs when the heart’s arteries narrow due to a buildup of fatty materials, increasing the risk of serious cardiac events. Despite its long-standing use, evidence regarding the long-term benefits and safety of aspirin remains limited.

As research continues to evolve, the role of low-dose aspirin in cancer prevention may become clearer, potentially leading to new recommendations for its use in at-risk populations.