Researchers Identify Inflammation as Key Heart Attack Risk for Women

A recent study has revealed a significant link between inflammation and the risk of heart attacks and strokes in women who do not exhibit traditional risk factors. Researchers presented their findings at the European Society of Cardiology meeting in Madrid, highlighting the importance of monitoring inflammation markers in women who appear healthy.

The investigation, published in the European Heart Journal, involved tracking 12,530 initially healthy women over a span of three decades. These women did not possess common risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or a history of smoking. However, those with elevated levels of the inflammation marker known as C-reactive protein (CRP) demonstrated significantly increased lifetime risks for cardiovascular events. Women with a CRP level above three milligrams per litre of blood had a 77 percent higher lifetime risk of coronary heart disease, a 39 percent increased risk of stroke, and a 52 percent increased risk of experiencing any major cardiovascular event.

While the study does not establish direct causation between inflammation and cardiovascular incidents, it aligns with existing knowledge that prolonged inflammation can contribute to the development of arterial plaques. These plaques can destabilize and lead to blood clots, which are primary causes of heart attacks and strokes.

“Our data clearly show that apparently healthy women who are inflamed are at substantial lifetime risk,” stated study leader Dr. Paul Ridker from Mass General Brigham’s Heart and Vascular Institute. He stressed the need for early identification of these women, particularly during their 40s, when preventive measures can be most effective. Delaying action until a woman reaches her 70s often diminishes the potential for impactful intervention.

In addition to emphasizing the need for preventive care, the research team also reviewed data from earlier randomized trials. They found that statin medications can reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes by more than one-third in women with inflammation who lack conventional cardiovascular risk factors. “While those with inflammation should aggressively initiate lifestyle and behavioral preventive efforts, statin therapy could also play an important role in helping reduce risk among these individuals,” Dr. Ridker noted.

The findings underscore the necessity for a more nuanced approach to cardiovascular health, particularly for women who may be overlooked due to the absence of traditional risk factors. This research could pave the way for new guidelines in how health professionals assess and manage cardiovascular risk in women, ultimately aiming to improve outcomes and save lives.