Expert Warns of Risks as Autonomous Robots Approach Reality

Autonomous humanoid robots are advancing closer to reality, but experts caution that significant challenges and risks remain. Dr. Carl Strathearn, a leading robotics researcher and Lecturer in Computer Science at Edinburgh Napier University, emphasizes the need for strict regulations to mitigate potential dangers associated with these technologies. He will present his insights at New Scientist Live, taking place from October 18-20, 2023, at the London ExCel Centre.

Despite impressive demonstrations of robots performing tasks such as pouring drinks and folding clothes, Dr. Strathearn asserts that the gap between these showcases and practical applications in everyday life remains vast. He highlighted that current robotic systems often rely on virtual simulations and limited real-world data, which hampers their effectiveness. “The biggest problem is the lack of real-world data and the technological means of gathering it in large enough quantities to train our robots effectively,” he stated.

Dr. Strathearn is developing a humanoid robot named Euclid, designed to be a friendly helper. He pointed out a fundamental challenge: “Think of a simple object like a cup. There are millions of variations in size, weight, shape, colour. Now extrapolate that to every object in a house, and you can see the scale of the challenge.” He suggests that crowdsourcing real-world data via devices like Meta’s Ray-Ban smart glasses could offer a solution, but acknowledges the ethical complexities of such an approach.

Concerns extend beyond technological limitations. Dr. Strathearn warns that the real risk lies in human misuse of humanoid robots. “Humans control them using handheld devices, which makes them very dangerous and unreliable,” he explained. He is actively leading a petition to the UK Parliament advocating for regulations governing humanoid robots in public spaces, triggered by a series of incidents where human-robot interaction has resulted in close calls.

The perception of humanoid robots presents another challenge. Dr. Strathearn notes that overly lifelike robots can evoke discomfort due to the “uncanny valley” effect, while in certain contexts, such as dementia care, a familiar human-like appearance may provide comfort. He stated, “People have different thresholds of perception when it comes to creepiness. That’s why we have different types of robots — some very lifelike, some with just minimal facial features.”

Dr. Strathearn’s research includes the development of the “Multimodal Turing Test,” which assesses whether communication through lifelike robots can make artificial intelligence seem more human. Japanese researchers have since confirmed that realistic robots can indeed influence perceptions of AI.

Despite the challenges and caveats, the race to develop humanoid robots continues. Dr. Strathearn cautions that the prevailing hype surrounding these technologies poses its own set of problems. “We are far from humanoid robots that are good enough to do everyday tasks effectively, but that doesn’t stop major companies wanting to mass produce them,” he noted. He highlighted an acute skills shortage in the robotics sector, attributing it to the continued division of disciplines in education, such as computer science, engineering, and design.

Looking ahead, Dr. Strathearn identifies a unique opportunity for humanoid robots in space exploration. “We could use telemetric or AI-controlled humanoids to work in space for longer periods than humans, advancing us further into the unknown,” he explained. He envisions that these robots might play a crucial role in terraforming planets or exploring rugged terrains that current robotic rovers cannot reach.

While the potential for robots to contribute to space colonization is promising, Dr. Strathearn’s primary concern remains the need for rigorous regulations on Earth. He concluded, “Robots might terraform Mars one day. But on Earth, only strict regulation will keep us safe.” As the field of robotics evolves, ensuring that these technologies are both safe and effective will be paramount for their successful integration into society.